Wednesday, 10 July 2013

Topic 15 - 16



Topic 15

Apostrophe = Noun’s noun      (Noun’s = a person / an animal)
If you use the name of a person to show the possession, you have to use an apostrophe. 

               Ali’s car                            his  car
               John’s sister                      his sister
               Meena’s pen                      her pen

     That is Mary’s mother.        
      That is her mother.
  
       This is Paul’s house.
       This is his house.
    
        The cat’s claws are sharp.
        Its claws are sharp.

For non-living things, we use ‘the part of the whole’ to show possession.
   
       the legs of the chair        (the leg is a part of the whole chair)
       the roof of the house                        
       the door of the car
       the handle of the knife
       the hands of the clock

For living things, we also use ‘the part of the whole’ to show possession.
      
       the hair of the boy               the boy’s hair
       the arm of the man              the man’s arm
       the feather of the duck         the duck’s feather
       the beak of the bird             the bird’s beak








                                                                                                (38)
Topic 15   Apostrophe
Exercise  69     
Rewrite each of the sentences adding ‘s to show the possession.
1.  That is Aminah hat.
     _________________________________________________________
2.  Mary brother is very tall.
     _________________________________________________________
3.  San San uncle is a doctor.
     _________________________________________________________
4.  My uncle dog is very cute.
     _________________________________________________________
5.  This is Peter bicycle.
     _________________________________________________________

Exercise  70        
Rewrite each of these sentences adding (‘)
1.  These farmers cows are very strong.
     _________________________________________________________
2.  Those are the ladies shoes.
     _________________________________________________________
3.  Those birds feather are colourful.
     _________________________________________________________
4.  The hawkers stalls are clean.  (many hawkers)
     _________________________________________________________
        5.  These hamsters eyes are big and round.
     _________________________________________________________

Exercise 71      Rewrite each of these sentences adding ‘s or s’.
1.  Helen shoes are very dirty.
     _________________________________________________________
2.  The girls dresses are too long.       (many girls)
     _________________________________________________________
3.  The teachers cars are clean.    (many teachers)
     _________________________________________________________
4.  Those are Aminah toy.
     _________________________________________________________
5.  The pupils books are thick.        (many pupils)
     _________________________________________________________
6.  These are Leena socks.
     _________________________________________________________
7. These are the boys swimming trunks.  (many boys)                                                                                  _________________________________________________________
                                                                                                (39)
Exercise  72
Rewrite each of these sentences adding ‘s or s’
1.  That is Aminah umbrella.
     _________________________________________________________
2.  Those boys shoes are very dirty.
     _________________________________________________________
3.  These are the girls handkerchiefs.     (many girls)
     _________________________________________________________
4.  That is Joseph bicycle.
     _________________________________________________________
5.  These are the pupils hats.     (many pupils)
     _________________________________________________________
6.  This is Leena eraser.
     _________________________________________________________
7.  That cat tail is very long.
     _________________________________________________________
8.  Those rabbits ears are long.
     _________________________________________________________
9.  That is Hui Ling comb.
     _________________________________________________________
10. These babies shoes are tiny.
              ________________________________________________________

Exercise 73    
Rewrite each of the following sentences adding (‘s) or (s’).
1.  Nora watch is very new.
     _________________________________________________________
2.  These are children clothes.
     _________________________________________________________
3.  That dog tail is very short.
     _________________________________________________________
4.  My aunt hair is very long.
     _________________________________________________________
5.  Those ladies clothes are expensive.
     _________________________________________________________
6.  These are the pupils rulers.         (many pupils)
     _________________________________________________________
7.  This is Mary picture.
     _________________________________________________________
8.  That hamster ears are very small.
     _________________________________________________________
9.  These are the men boots.
     ______________________________________________________(40)
(Topic 15)       
Exercise 74
Use the correct to show possession.
1.  the mug           ---------     the handle   
     _________________________________________________________
2.  the computer    ---------     the screen
     _________________________________________________________ 
3.  the wheels       ----------     the bicycle
     _________________________________________________________ 
4.  the bottle         ----------     the cap
     _________________________________________________________    
5.  the telephone   ----------     the wire
     _________________________________________________________ 
6   the knob          ----------      the door
     _________________________________________________________

Exercise 75
Use the correct expression to show possession.
1.  book              ----------        pages
    _________________________________________________________
2.  pen                ---------         cap
    _________________________________________________________
3.  floor               ---------         hall
    _________________________________________________________
4.  sleeves           ---------         shirt
    _________________________________________________________
5.  cushion          ----------        case  
    _________________________________________________________
6.  basket            ---------         colour
    _________________________________________________________

Exercise 76
Use the correct expression to show possessions.
1.  boy               ---------          hair     
    a)__________________________ b)___________________________
2.  house           ---------           man 
    a)__________________________ b)___________________________
3.  feathers        ---------           goose
    a)_________________________   b) ___________________________
4.  house           ---------           fence
    _________________________________________________________
5.  tree             ----------           trunk
    _______________________________________________________(41)
Topic 16
Singular and Plural Noun
A singular noun means ‘one’ in number.
A plural noun means ‘more than one’ in number.

A)  ‘s’ is suffixed to the word to make it plural generally.
      Regular Form
               One                                   Many
               car                                    cars
               pen                                   pens
               eraser                                erasers
               bottle                                bottles

B)  ‘es’ is suffixed to the words which end in ‘s, z, x, ch, sh or o*

               One                                    Many
         (s, z, x, ch, sh, o)                       ( es )
               class                                   classes
               buzz                                    buzzes
               box                                     boxes
               watch                                  watches
               brush                                  brushes
               tomato                                tomatoes

             *piano                                  pianos

C)  If the words end in ‘y’ and the letters before ‘y’ are ‘a, e, i,
      o, u’, suffix ‘s’ to the word.
             
               One                                     Many
         (vowel + y)                                ( ys)                         
               toy                                       toys
               boy                                       boys
               way                                      ways
               day                                       days

D)  If the words end in ‘y’ and the letters before ‘y’ are not ‘a,
     e, i, o, u’, drop ‘y’ and suffix ‘ies’.
               One                                      Many
         ( consonant + y)                          ( ies)
             baby                                     babies                                     
               lady                                      ladies                             (42)
               lorry                                      lorries
               city                                        cities

E)  If the words end in ‘f’ or ‘fe’, and they are to be replaced by
     ‘ves’ to form plural               
               One                                       Many
              (f  /  fe)                                 ( ves)   
              knife                                      knives
              leaf                                        leaves
              loaf                                        loaves
              wife                                        wives
              life                                          lives             
              thief                                        thieves

             * (f)                                         (fs)
              chief                                        chiefs
              roof                                         roofs
              cliff                                          cliffs
              dwarf                                       dwarfs

F)  Some words have the plural form to be very different from the singular
    form.

               One                                     Many    
               mouse                                 mice
               goose                                  geese
               child                                   children    
                         
G)  Some words have the same form for both singular and plural noun.

                One                                  Many
                deer                                  deer
                sheep                                sheep                       
                aircraft                              aircraft                                     


H) Some words singular in form but plural in meaning.

                One                                  Many
                 --                                     cattle
                 --                                      police
                                                        people                       (43)
Topic 16     Singular and Plural forms of the Nouns

Exercise 77
Write out the plural forms of the following words.
1.  child                 ____________________
2.  man                 ____________________
3.  woman             ____________________
4.  mouse              ____________________
5.  lady                  ____________________
6.  glass                 ____________________
7.  brush                ____________________
8.  girl                    ____________________
9.  cat                    ____________________
10. mango              ____________________
11. lady                  ____________________
12. story                 ____________________
13. fly                     ____________________
14. foot                   ____________________
15. thief                  ____________________
16. loaf                   ____________________
17. knife                 ____________________
18. wolf                  ____________________
19. wife                  ____________________
20. leaf                   ____________________

Exercise  78
Write out the plural form  of the following words.
1.  goose                ____________________
2.  tooth                 ____________________
3.  watch                _____________________
4.  bush                  _____________________
5.  school                _____________________
6.  computer           _____________________
7.  goat                  _____________________
8.  duck                  _____________________
9.  tomato               _____________________
10.  potato              ______________________
11.  shelf                ______________________
12.  yourself            ______________________
13.  lorry                 ______________________
14.  ring                  ______________________
15.  dress                ______________________
16.  puppy               ______________________

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