Topic 35
Conjunctions
And / But / Or
‘And’ is used to link up the words of the
same word forms or the activities.
noun noun (oo)
Verb verb (_____)
adjective and adjective (xx)
adverb adverb
(~~~~)
sentence sentence
[Meena] can dance and sing.
[The boy] is good and obedient.
xx xx
[Jack and Ann] are brother and sister.
oo oo oo oo
[He] writes neatly and nicely.
~~~~~~ ~~~~~
[I] brush (my teeth) and wash (my
face) every morning.
‘But’ is used to show the contrary
conditions.
[John] is rich but stingy.
xx xx
[Mary] is pretty but dirty.
xx xx
‘Or’ is used to express a choice.
Do [you] want this sticker or that
one?
Does [Nora] like the blue or red dress?
Either -------- Or-----------
Either [John] or [Mary] has a camera. (Out of two, only one has.)
[He] either walks or takes a bus home.
(Only one choice is possible out of two)
Neither -------nor---------
Neither [Helen] nor [Anna] is free now. (Out of two, none is free.)
[Nora] neither sings well nor dances well. (She does none of the two
well.)
Topic 35
Conjunction and / but / Or
Exercise 141
Fill in ‘and / but’ in the blanks.
1. My mother
washes the clothes ___________ hangs out to dry.
2. Tina’s
father started work at seven in the morning ___________ he
stopped
work at eight in the evening yesterday.
3. The lion
sleeps during the day __________ is awake at night.
4. It was wet
____________cold yesterday.
5. James’
brother is very thin ____________ his sister is very fat.
6. The music is
soft ___________ soothing.
7. Ahmad is
intelligent ____________ lazy.
8. The children
are quiet ___________ hardworking.
9. The farmer
is poor ____________ generous.
10. Alice
is polite ___________ friendly.
Exercise 142
Join the sentences using ‘and’ or ‘but’
1. Aminah is
healthy. Her brother is healthy.
_________________________________________________________
2. I am
hungry. I am thirsty.
_________________________________________________________
3. The girl is
alone. She is not afraid.
_________________________________________________________
4. My
grandfather is strong. He is healthy.
_________________________________________________________
5. Alice’s aunt works in a
clinic. Her uncle works in the hospital.
_________________________________________________________
6. Ali is my
neighbour. John is my neighbour.
_________________________________________________________
7. Our
principal is kind. He is strict.
_________________________________________________________
Exercise
143
Join the sentences using ‘and’ or ‘but’.
1. The knife is
sharp. It cuts well.
_________________________________________________________
2. The boy is
noisy. He is helpful.
_________________________________________________________
3. Meena is
tall. Aminah is short.
_________________________________________________________
4. Peter is
fat. John is fat.
_________________________________________________________
5. San San is
talkative. She is disobedient.
_________________________________________________________
(86)
Topic 36
Conjunctions--------- Because / So /Until / When
‘Why’ question -------To ask for a reason
Because
---------To show a reason
[S]
V…………………because [ S ] V
Why are [you] unhappy?
[I] am unhappy because [I] have
lost (my pen).
xx
Why did [John] not go to (school)?
[John] did not go to (school) because [he] was
ill.
XX
Why did [Becky] cry
bitterly?
[Becky] cried bitterly because [her pet cat] died.
~~~~
So
-------- To show the result
[I] have lost (my pen), so I am
unhappy.
[John] was ill, so he did not go to school.
Becky’s pet cat died, so she cried bitterly.
[S] V ---------------, so [ S ] V---------------------.
Until ------up to the time when
He waits at the school gate
until his mother comes every day.
She had stayed there until the
rain stopped.
Nora will wait until Peter
comes.
When
---------- At the time
Jean saw a car accident when she
was walking to school.
When Ali was walking to school yesterday, he found a wallet.
Tina met Leena when she was jogging in the park last Tuesday.
(Remember to mark a comma if you place
‘when-clause in front’)
(Conjunctions like ‘because / so / until /
when’ is always followed by a subject and a verb.)
main clause subordinate clause
[ S ] V------------------ because / until / when [ S ] V ------------- (87)
The adverb ‘not’ is grouped with the verb
phrase in the negative sentence.
(Topic 35)
Conjunction (And / But / Or)
Exercise 144
1. This duck is
big ____________ tall.
2. Which colour
do you like, red _______ green?
3. Ali is
happy_________ Ashiah is sad.
4. San San is
careful ___________ slow.
5. Either Ali
___________ Ahmad broke the bowl.
6. Rahim
___________ his brother enjoy swimming.
7. Which dress
do you choose, this one ________ that one?
8. How does
Meena look, sad ___________ happy?
9. John is
helpful ______________ naughty.
10. Our Chinese teacher is gentle ___________ kind.
Exercise
145 Join the sentences
using ‘and’ / ‘but’ / ‘or’
1. Hassan is
cheerful. Aminah is gloomy.
_________________________________________________________
2. You choose
this book. You choose that book. (Choose one only)
_________________________________________________________
3. This book is
thick. That book is thin.
_________________________________________________________
4. We have to
complete the work. Our teacher will
punish us.
_________________________________________________________
5. My sister
studies English on Monday. She studies
it on Wednesday.
_________________________________________________________
6. Peng Wat is
thin. He is strong.
_________________________________________________________
Exercise
146 Join the sentences
using ‘and’ / ‘but’ / ‘or’.
1. Hurry
up. You will be late to school.
_________________________________________________________
2. Nora is
sick. She is weak.
_________________________________________________________
3. Mr. Jong
works for long hours. He earns very
little.
_________________________________________________________
4. Betty and
her friends are good. They are
hardworking.
_________________________________________________________
5. You are
clever. You are lazy.
_________________________________________________________
6. The children
may clean it on Thursday. They may clean
it on Friday.
_________________________________________________________
7. George must
be careful. He will hurt himself.
_________________________________________________________
(88)
Topic 36
Why and Because /So /Until / When
Exercise 147
Answer the questions in full.
1. Why was the
baby girl crying? (hungry)
_________________________________________________________
2. Why didn’t
you go to school yesterday? (ill)
_________________________________________________________
3. Why was she
so happy? (received a present)
_________________________________________________________
4. Why can’t
they play outside? (raining)
_________________________________________________________
5. Why were the
children tired? (walking all the
time)
_________________________________________________________
6. Why did she
go there? ( buy fruits)
_________________________________________________________
Exercise
148
Answer the questions in full.
1. Why can’t
she play with us? (busy)
_________________________________________________________
2. Why does she
drink so much water every day?
(thirsty)
_________________________________________________________
3. Why do the
pupils talk so much? (talkative)
_________________________________________________________
4. Why are the
children so happy? (can go…..library)
_________________________________________________________
5. Why is
Aminah so angry? (someone has
stolen……)
_________________________________________________________
6. Why was
Peter late yesterday? (missed the bus)
_________________________________________________________
7. Why didn’t
John come to attend the party?
(homework)
_________________________________________________________
Exercise
149
Answer the questions in full.
1. Why were the
children so happy? (could go home early)
_________________________________________________________
2. Why can’t
Nora help us? (busy)
_________________________________________________________
3. Why does
Peter study English every day? (poor
at)
_________________________________________________________
4. Why do
Joseph and his friends go to the library every day? (read )
_____________________________________________________(89)
(Topic 36)
So/ Until / When /
Exercise 150
Fill in the blanks with ‘so/ until/ when’.
1. ________ I
was talking to my friends, a tree fell down.
2. Peter didn’t
come home ___________it was twelve last night.
3. Leena was
careless, _________ she slipped and fell just now.
4. Maria caught
a frog ___________ she was playing in the garden.
5. Hui Hui
didn’t prepare for the test, _________ she failed.
6. My father
will not let me ride a bicycle ________ I am ten years old.
7. My parents
are busy, _________ I have to walk to school myself.
8. Nora did her
homework _________ she fell asleep last night.
9. Jack saw a
robbery __________ he was one the way home yesterday.
10. The party
started ___________ everybody had arrived.
Exercise 151
Fill in the blanks with ‘because /so / until / when’.
1. The baby was
hungry, _________ it cried very loudly last night.
2. Lilian was
studying Mathematics _________ she had a headache.
3. Zaki did not
go home __________ she had finished all her work.
4. Jim always
screams _____________ he is angry.
5. The children
did not stop the game __________ it was so dark.
6. They were
very noisy, __________ I shouted to them.
7. Henry likes
to go fishing ___________ he is free.
8. They all
laughed loudly __________ the story was very funny.
9. The teacher
is very fierce, __________ the children are very scared.
10. Betty and
her friends played indoors ___________ it started to rain.
Exercise 152
Join the following pair of sentences with ‘because/
so/ until/ when’.
1. Miss Bong
shouted at them. The children did not do
their work. (until)
_________________________________________________________
2. Tom has a
toothache. He has to go to the
dentist. (so)
a)________________________________________________________
(because)
b)________________________________________________________
3. I was
listening to the radio. My grandmother
fainted. (when)
_________________________________________________________
4. The clown
arrived. The children waited
patiently. (until)
_________________________________________________________
5. Francis
could not sleep. It was very hot. (so)
______________________________________________(90)
No comments:
Post a Comment